Unit 3 Review

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  • What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?
    • Catabolism is the breaking down of molecules.
    • anabolism is the building up of molecules.
  • What is the least useful form of energy?
    • Heat
  • What is free energy?
    • the portion of a systems energy that can perform work when temperatures and pressure are Uniform throughout the system
  • What is the difference between endergonic and exergonic?
    • exergonic releases energy, and endergonic absorbs energy
  • What is the big deal about ATP?
    • ATP is used to make every thing work
  • What is energy coupling and why is it important?
    • It is an ATP cycle between exergonic and endergonic reactions, it is used to keep the organism from over heating while making energy.
  • What do catalysts do and how do they do it?
    • Catalysts speed up reactions by enzymes by finding an active site in the enzyme.
  • What is sucrase and what might it do?
    • Sucrase is an enzyme that only affects sucrose and doesn't bind to other disaccharides.
  • Explain feedback inhibition.
    • A metabolic pathway is blocked by the binding of the pathway's product, stopping or slowing the reaction.
  • What kinds of pathways make ATP?
    • Catabolic and anabolic pathways
  • Where would you find the wild glycolysis?
  • Why do we breathe oxygen?
  • What is the big deal about phosphorylation?
  • Explain competitive inhibition.
  • What leaves glycolysis and what enters the citric acid cycle?
    • Pyruvate
  • Where in respiration does molecular oxygen play a part?
    • Glycolisis and citric acid cycle
  • What is the role of molecular oxygen in respiration?
    • Cytochromes, the last cytochrome of the chain, cyt a3, passes its electrons to oxygen, which is very electronegative.
  • Explain how pH is important in the production of ATP.
  • Glycolysis produces pyruvate. Why do fermentations change this to lactate, ethanol, or other products?
    • There are 2 steps:
      • Releases carbon dioxide from pyruvate, converted to acetaldehyde
      • Acetaldehyde is reduced to NADH to ethanol
  • Why do scientists suspect that glycolysis is one of the most ancient metabolic processes?
    • Believed that ancient prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP long before oxygen was present in the atmosphere.
  • From what part of the body are the waste products of respiration expelled?
    • The mouth
  • What kinds of organisms eat?
    • Photoautotroph and heterotrophs
  • What is chemiosmosis and why is it important to photoautotrophs?
    • Chemiosmosis - Diffusion of protons across the membrane
    • Important because it synthesizes ATP
  • What is so important about the Calvin cycle?
    • The Calvin cycle is important, because the is a part of photosynthesis which makes the surcose GD3. Well it is basically converting CO2 into glucose, to continue the Calvin cycle.
  • What is the special trick of CAM plants?
    • The special trick of CAM plants is that, they have their stoma closed during the day. And by night they open their stoma open, which means they capture CO2 and incorporate that into the mesophyll cells that have organic acids . So, that means during the day, the organic acids release the co2, into the Calvin cycle to make food.
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